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|signature = |signature_alt = |footnotes = }} Alexander Ivanovich Oparin (; in English, Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin〔(Britannica Encyclopedia ) - Aleksandr Oparin〕) ( in Uglich, Russia – April 21, 1980 in Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet biochemist notable for his untested theories about the origin of life, and for his book ''The Origin of Life''. He also studied the biochemistry of material processing by plants and enzyme reactions in plant cells. He showed that many food-production processes were based on biocatalysis and developed the foundations for industrial biochemistry in the USSR.〔Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd edition, entry on "Опарин", available online (here )〕 ==Life== Oparin graduated from the Moscow State University in 1917 and became a professor of biochemistry there in 1927. Many of his early papers were about plant enzymes and their role in metabolism. In 1924 he put forward a hypothesis suggesting that life on Earth developed through a gradual chemical evolution of carbon-based molecules in ''the Earth's primordial soup''. In 1935, along with academician Alexey Bakh, he founded the Biochemistry Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.〔 In 1939, Oparin became a Corresponding Member of the Academy, and, in 1946, a full member. In 1940s and 1950s he supported the theories of Trofim Lysenko and Olga Lepeshinskaya, who made claims about "the origin of cells from noncellular matter". "Taking the party line" helped advance his career.〔Vadim J. Birstein. ''The Perversion Of Knowledge: The True Story of Soviet Science.'' Westview Press (2004) ISBN 0-8133-4280-5〕 In 1970, he was elected President of the International Society for the Study of the Origins of Life. He died on April 21, 1980, and was interred in Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. Oparin became Hero of Socialist Labour in 1969, received the Lenin Prize in 1974 and was awarded the Lomonosov Gold Medal in 1979 "for outstanding achievements in biochemistry". He was also a five-time recipient of the Order of Lenin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexander Oparin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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